WATERPROOFING PRODUCTS

The need to waterproof building surfaces exists because it is absolutely necessary to prevent moisture penetration into substrates and all adjacent building components thereof. Thereby, one avoids all related problems caused by moisture. Problems such as weathering, construction/lining element detachments, weakening of structure and structural products, rot, concrete carbonation, the creation of an environment that favors the creation of mold, black spots, fungi and other pathogens.

Generally speaking, every building structure or house is a ‘living, breathing organism’ that reacts with the environment surrounding it while affecting and being affected by that very environment. Therefore, the waterproofing of a structure or building, in terms of its different structure elements (roof or rooftop, walls, basement, ground floor etc), functions as a barrier that prevents moisture from penetrating into the outer construction elements but into the indoor spaces as well. So, by waterproofing the building structure, one protects it from wear, preventable damage, and deterioration that moisture definitely causes. In addition, waterproofing of a building prevents the negative effects of moisture to the indoor microclimate as well, thus significantly improving living conditions of the people residing in it.

The available options, in terms of waterproofing products, are many and beyond the scope of this text. However, the options most frequently found and implemented are the following: cementitious waterproofing products such as HYDROSTOP ROOF and TWO COMPONENT HYDROSTOP, elastomeric waterproofing products  such as DS-220 and No39, as well as bituminous/asphalt based materials. All above products and their applications have their advantages and disadvantages. Proper waterproofing requires knowledge and strict adherence to the application instructions of the chosen product(s). Those applications are usually carried out by professionals. However, non-professional individuals can also apply waterproofing products, mainly elastomeric products for roofs with simple application steps, using a roller and/or a brush. Waterproofing vertical surfaces (walls, foundation walls) is usually accomplished with elastomeric paints which present waterproofing/sealing (D-80 of DUROSTICK), or even simultaneously waterproofing/sealing and insulating properties (THERMOELASTIC COLOUR of DUROSTICK). The waterproofing of wet spaces or surfaces (underground areas, basements etc.), or areas and spaces exposed to permanently increased moisture levels, (swimming pools), is accomplished with specially designed products for such difficult and demanding applications. Those products sometimes (depending on the product chosen), have approved certifications, as per their quality as well as their performance (WATERTANK, D-1 of DUROSTICK).

Start from the most vulnerable areas of the building. Areas being most affected, and, in turn, affect themselves the 'health' and proper function of the building. Such areas are the sloped roof, the flat roof of the building, and the basement (if one exists). One has to always weigh the gain versus cost factor of the application, the duration of time without damage and losses, whether one can apply the product by him/herself or somebody else (a craftsman or a professional) has to implement this application (additional labor cost) etc. Take into account the use of the waterproofed surface, whether  the waterproofed surface (roof) will be a visited area, if any lining will be installed over the waterproofing product, whether immediately after the waterproofing or in the future, additional applications will be implemented over the waterproofing (roof garden creation etc). Last but not least, one has to consider if the surface will be thermally insulated as well as waterproofed etc.

There are no time restrictions or ‘appropriate’ time periods for indoor waterproofing or sealing applications. The same is not true when it comes to outdoor applications though. Usually, most waterproofing and sealing applications are completed when temperatures are not too hi (above 35oC), or very low (below 5oC). It is also very important to not expect any rain 24-48 hours after the completion of the application. Please keep in mind that the relative humidity in the atmosphere should not exceed the 70% mark, because, in such case, the curing time of the waterproofing product will be extended. In keeping with the ideal waterproofing/sealing time periods, as explained above, traditionally the application periods range from late spring to early summer and during the autumn season, with ideal months being September and October. Obviously during those select periods, everything depends on the weather conditions prevailing at that time. Obviously, one can also utilize the dry periods during the winter season, just as long as one follows the temperature limitation rule (no applications when temperatures are, or will drop, below 5oC.

We will explain with an example. The waterproofing of the buildings' basement is usually done during the construction stage, and always before the backfilling. The waterproofing product is applied to the outer sides of the buildings' foundation walls. The product now works as a barrier blocking all the moisture coming from the ground, which is touching the sides of the building, from entering into the wall structure of the foundation and the basement. The pressure that the ground moisture applies to the wall surfaces while trying to penetrate in, is defined as 'positive' pressure. Now, let us assume that the basement is not waterproofed as described above, and there is a need to waterproof and seal it. This waterproofing application will have to be done from the indoor part of the wall structure since the backfilling is completed and it is not cost effective to reopen a trench around the building. It is imperative to ensure the stability of the substrate (brick, plaster, concrete element) and then waterproof the inner wall surfaces. Once the soil/ground moisture penetrates through the wall structure, it 'attacks' the waterproofing coat(s), which then serves as moisture barrier preventing that moisture penetration into the inner space of the basement. The pressure, in this case, is defined as 'negative' pressure. The waterproofing/sealing product that performs satisfactorily in both cases is deemed as a product compatible and suitable for applications affected by either positive and/or negative pressure.

Waterproofing is a job or a project that differs, depending on the waterproofing product and the application method. If you are handy and you possess some knowledge of the application steps (from relevant brochures and texts, filmed applications, the Internet etc.), then yes, you can do it. Caution: Pay special and close attention to the substrate. It must be properly prepared and receive all necessary interventions in order to accept the waterproofing coating(s) safety. That will ensure the application results and maintain its effectiveness for many years to come. Elastomeric waterproofers, as well as some polyurethane sealing products, are applied as regular paints, using an emulsion brush or roller. They are easy to apply, even by someone who is not experienced in these types of applications providing that one strictly follows all application instructions. Cementitious waterproofers typically require the encasement of a reinforcing mesh during most roof application, in between the waterproofing coats. This application detail, together with the preparation of the waterproofing product itself, is what makes cementitious sealing products a difficult case, in terms of their preparation and application. However, if one is very meticulous in following all preparation and application instructions, then yes, you can do it yourself. Asphalt based products (rolls, torch down etc.) are a different case altogether, and it is highly recommended to allow for a professional waterproofing crew to apply them. In any event, any waterproofing application without the help of a craftsman or a professional greatly reduces the total cost of the project, since labor costs will not be added to the total expense.

The best way to ensure excellent results is by starting with the conditioning of the substrate, which should be clean, stable, and free of all loose sections, foreign objects, and dust. Also, the conditions during application (temperature, humidity) and immediately after that application (24-48 hours), should be the appropriate ones, as described by each one of the waterproofing products' application instructions. Another factor for a successful application is the literal compliance with the application instructions, as provided by the manufacturer of the waterproofing product on the packaging itself. Regular inspections (at least once or even twice a year) will help to detect any and all possible damage at an early stage. That will allow for immediate repairs to be performed before the damage develops into a major problem. 

If we are talking about a small range, spot damage, then yes, it can usually be repaired. Make sure to check if moisture penetrated (and maybe trapped) into the waterproofing substrate(s). It is imperative for that moisture to be removed before doing any repair work. In cases where major damage occurred, it might be necessary to waterproof the entire surface again, using the same or different type of sealing product. Traditionally, one repairs elastomeric surfaces with elastomeric or polyurethane based waterproofers, cementitious waterproofers with cementitious or elastomeric products, and vice versa. However, one can repair asphalt/bituminous products using elastomeric sealers, but only under certain conditions, limited damage range (area to be repaired), as well as limited duration in time. Detailed application and repair instructions can be found in the technical documentation of each product.

It is always a good thing for the waterproofing coating to be of light color, preferably white or whitish. In this way, the waterproofer better reflects sunlight and better emits (dissipates) the heat accumulating on the building surface. This does not apply to asphalt type waterproofing products. Some white waterproofers/sealers are certified as 'cool' material, products such as HYDROSTOP ROOF, No39, and DS-220 of DUROSTICK, to name a few. Products with this certification constitute ideal waterproofing solutions since they possess both sealing as well as thermal insulating properties and abilities. Their insulating abilities mainly derive from their reflective action but also derive from their waterproofing function as a moisture barrier that prevents moisture penetration into a surface that reduces the thermal conductivity of the construction element.  

It is very important to assess the extent and the cause of the problem. That is why one must locate the penetration point(s) of the moisture by carefully examining the entire surface. If the cause is due to plumbing or sewer pipe failure(s), repair them before proceeding with any other action. In some cases, it may be necessary to remove some small sections of the waterproofing coat(s), or some elements of the lining (tiles or other material), to reach the substrate. These types of work are usually carried out during the warmer months of the year. Those are the right weather/ambient conditions that will assist in the dissipation and evaporation of any accumulated moisture to the substrates. The installation of ventilation devices usually concerns waterproofing applications that use asphalt/bitumen based products. Once the moisture is located and removed thoroughly from the substrates, proceed with the repairs as needed, by patching sections of the surface(s) or by waterproofing the entire surface over. Usually, lightweight filling materials act as water accumulators so, in some cases, the substrate of the waterproofed surface will accumulate a large amount of water and/or moisture. For those cases, it might be advisable to remove both the waterproofing coat(s) along with the substrate (filling material) and reapply them both new.

Thoroughly clean on and around all breakpoints and remove dust, any loose materials and foreign bodies (preferably with compressed air). Continue by applying the sealing product in the selected area/spot or the entire surface. The next step is to seal around the breakpoint (perimeter or otherwise), using a flexible polyurethane based sealant (use polyurethane based sealant for elastomeric and cementitious waterproofers).  The reason one must necessarily do this job is because breakpoints always function as potential moisture penetration points. Those points usually create problems and bypass to a greater or lesser degree the waterproofing coat(s), and subsequently trap moisture in the substrate(s).

DUROSTICK is next to you, from the initial stages of looking and finding/discovering your own personal solution(s), the selection and purchase of the appropriate, for each case, waterproofing products, but also during the application steps and beyond. Available for you in most of our points of sale, you will find brochures as well as material in digital form (DVD) concerning the application of our waterproofing products. You will also find live samples with applied products for you to feel, touch and experience their effectiveness. Our Technical Support Team via phone, e-mail, special applications, and mobile app support, is available and at your disposal 24/7. On the company site and at the DUROSTICK channel in YOUTUBE, you will find extensive presentations of our waterproofing products and step by step, comprehensive filmed applications of those products.