PROBLEM-CAUSE-SOLUTION

Plaster and paint swelling and blistering on parapets - facaces

Moisture penetration through the skirting joints

If the vertical joints are stable, waterproof them using the silicone based waterproofing agent for tile joints, D-16 HYDROSTOP, thus stopping the penetration of moisture.

Remove the grouting from the horizontal joint below the skirting by using a small chisel or a grinder. Remove all the dust and apply to the opening the primer for polyurethane sealants, PRIMER-PU. Waterproof the primed joints using the elastomeric polyurethane sealant, DUROFLEX-PU, or by using DS-POLYMER 32 colors, the elastomeric adhesive and sealant, to seal the openings.

Use the same products to seal the joints between the walls and the skirting. If the grouting in the joints is not stable or is heavily cracked, then the best course of action would be to completely remove it and regrout those areas and surfaces using the FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK.

Moisture penetration through the shrinking joints around marble saddles

Using a small chisel or a grinder, remove the grout material. Remove all the dust and apply to the opening the primer for polyurethane sealants, PRIMER-PU. Waterproof the primed joints using the elastomeric polyurethane sealant, DUROFLEX-PU, or by using DS-POLYMER 32 colors, the elastomeric adhesive and sealant, to seal the openings.

Moisture penetration through cracks on the capping of the parapet

Repair all cracks using the flexible, fiber reinforced cementitious sealant, SUPER FLEX POWDER.
Continuing, waterproof the surface using the cementitious flexible sealant, DUROFLEX POWDER.
Prime using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX and complete the repair using the elastomeric sealing paint, D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC.

Moisture penetration around the railing posts (embedding points)

Remove the worn-out sealant and reseal around the railing posts. Remove all the debris and apply to the openings the primer for polyurethane sealants, PRIMER-PU. Waterproof the primed gaps using the elastomeric polyurethane sealant, DUROFLEX-PU, or by using DS-POLYMER 32 colors, the elastomeric adhesive and sealant, to seal the embedding points.

Moisture penetration through cracks on the plaster or the paint of the paraper facade

Using #60 sandpaper remove the worn-out paint and any loose plaster thoroughly.
Continue by widening any cracks found, using a small chisel or a grinder and remove all dust and loose debris. Soak the surface lightly. Identify any possible points that may be the cause of recurrence of the problem. Seal the newly opened cracks using the flexible, fiber reinforced cementitious sealant SUPER FLEX POWDER.
Finally, prime using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX or the SOLVENT BASED PRIMER and paint using the elastomeric sealing paint, D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC or THERMOELASTIC COLOUR.

Swelling and blistering of plaster and paint on balcony as well as indoor ceilings

Moisture penetration through non waterproofed tile joints

Clean the tile joints using BIOCLEAN, biodegradable cleaner for grouts. Alternatively, outdoors use the ACID TILE CLEANER of DUROSTICK. Waterproof the grouting material using the silicone based waterproofing agent for tile joints, D-16 HYDROSTOP.

Moisture penetration through cracked tile joints

When dealing with hairline cracks on sound tile joints, we can safely use the silicone based waterproofing agent for tile joints, D-16 HYDROSTOP.

When dealing with more intense cracks, remove the grouting material using a grinder or a special grout removing tool. Regrout using the appropriate grout (depending on the depth and width of the joint) fortified with the highly concentrated improving resin, DUROMAX at a ratio of 1 part resin to 3 water. Its addition creates a very flexible and water repelling grouting material. Either way, the creation of expansion joints, every 16-20m², and peripherally, at the meeting point of vertical with horizontal surfaces, with joint widths from 5-8mm, is considered an essential practice. In addition, we always have the option of regrouting the surfaces using the FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK, that does not require any additives.

Moisture penetration through non waterproofed cement screed

Remove 2-3 tiles to check whether the cement screed is wet or not. If the screed is wet, remove as many tiles as needed to reach a dry area. Allow for the screed to dry thoroughly and use HYDROSTOP FLOOR, the waterproofing mortar for floors. Continuing, create expansion joints every 16-20m², and check the entire surface for additional cracked tile joints that might need waterproofing or even replacing.

Moisture penetration through non waterproofed flat roof

DUROSTICK gives you six different options to choose from:

• Νο39 acrylic elastomeric waterproofer for roofs with 5 years warranty.

• DS-220 elastomeric waterproofer for roofs with 8 years warranty.

• HYDROSTOP-PU polyurethane based waterproofer for roofs with 10 years warranty.

• Two component HYDROSTOP cementitious waterproofer for roofs with 15 years warranty.

• HYDROSTOP ROOF flexible white cementitious waterproofer for roofs with 15 years warranty.

• WATERPROOF 500 white polyurethane based waterproofer for roofs with 15 years warranty.

Swelling and blistering of plaster and paint indoors

Moisture penetration due to faulty/poor waterproofing

If the roof was waterproofed, the penetration point (where moisture broke through), must be found. If successful, spot repair to the extent that is possible and necessary. When the previous waterproofing product used was an acrylic, elastomeric waterproofer that is detached in various spots, without those spots being obvious, re-waterproof simply by using, either the acrylic elastomeric waterproofer Νο39, with 5 years warranty or the elastomeric waterproofer DS-220, with 8 years warranty or even the polyurethane waterproofer for roofs HYDROSTOP-PU. Follow all the directions, as described on the technical information attached to each container.

Once the cause that created the problem is identified and the proposed solution was applied, plaster and paint repairs need to be completed on the surfaces below the roof. In cases where moisture affected only the paint, use #60 sandpaper and sand the damaged sections. Remove all the dust and allow for the surface to dry thoroughly.

Prime using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX, and paint using the ecological exterior latex paint, SUPER ECO or the acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY.

In cases where the plaster swelled up, remove the deteriorated sections using a chisel or a scraper.

Continuing, remove all the dust and soak the surface using the acrylic emulsion, D-20, diluted with water, at a ratio of 1 part emulsion to 3 parts water.

Before the emulsion dries, apply the base coat plaster, D-40 as scratch coat, and after curing for 24 hours, complete the repair using the fast setting repair plaster, D-32.

Alternatively, use the water repellent, one coat plaster, D-42 or the flexible polymeric, fiber reinforced mortar, MEGAFIX.

If the plaster erosion progressed deeper and oxidation signs of the steel reinforcement (rebar) are visible, it is absolutely necessary to proceed by diligently cleaning the rebar(s) and prime, using RUST FREE POWDER. Once everything is dry, soak the surface, apply new plaster and complete the repair as described above.

Paint peeling and plaster swelling on planters made from bricks or concrete

Absence of waterproofing inside a built-in planter

Empty the soil from the planter. In cases where remaining formwork wood spacers and snap tie rods still exist, continue by following this procedure:
Remove all formwork wood spacers and snap tie rods approximately 2-3cm deep and coat with the corrosion resistant rebar protection mortar, RUST FREE POWDER. Seal all the holes using either D-55, DUROFIX or D-11 SUPER FAST of DUROSTICK. Complete the repair by waterproofing the surface with 3-4 crosswise coats, using the brushable waterproofing mortar D-1.If the built-in planter is made with bricks and there is a need for the surface to be smoothed out, use the fiber reinforced mortar for repairs, D-55. Allow for three days to pass for all the products to cure and apply in two-three crosswise coats the cementitious waterproofing mortar, D-1 or HYDROSTOP WATERTANK.

Repairing the outer surface of the planter.
In cases where moisture affected only the paint, use #60 sandpaper and sand the damaged sections. Remove all the dust and allow for the surface to dry thoroughly. Prime using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX, and paint using the ecological exterior latex paint, SUPER ECO or the acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY.
In cases where the plaster swelled up, remove the deteriorated sections using a chisel or a scraper.
Continuing, remove all the dust and soak the surface using the acrylic emulsion, D-20, diluted with water, at a ratio of 1 part emulsion to 3 parts water.
Before the emulsion dries, apply the base coat plaster, D-40 as scratch coat, and after curing for 24 hours, complete the repair using the fast setting repair plaster, D-32.

Paint swelling on outdoor wall surfaces above the skirting

Lack of adequate surface waterproofing in conjunction with bouncing rain

Remove from the surface, and up to the height that they manifest, all loose sections and swollen paint with a scraper.

Continuing, and up to a height of 30cm or more if necessary, soak the surface with water or prime using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX. If water was used to soak the surface immediately apply two coats of the flexible, cementitious waterproofing mortar, DUROFLEX POWDER or the flexible cementitious waterproofer HYDROSTOP ROOF. Otherwise allow for the primer to thoroughly dry before continuing with the application of the waterproofing product of choice.

Development of moisture on concrete basement walls

• Non-waterproofed concrete surfaces
• Existing formwork wood spacers and snap tie rods

Exterior surface: Remove all existing formwork wood spacers and snap tie rods, approximately 2-3cm deep and coat with the corrosion resistant rebar protection mortar, RUST FREE POWDER.
Continue by sealing the holes using fast setting repair mortar, D-11 SUPER FAST or the polymer and fiber reinforced, repair mortar, DUROFIX.

Complete the repair by waterproofing the surface in 3-4 crosswise coats of the brushable waterproofing mortar, D-1 or use HYDROSTOP WATERTANK.

Non-sealed/waterproofed wall joints

In case moisture penetrates through the joints, seal them using the epoxy based, construction putty, D-38 or use the brushable waterproofing mortar, D-1, fortified with the acrylic emulsion, D-20 at a mixing ratio of 1:1 with water, and the addition of polypropylene fibers, DUROFIBRE 6mm.
Alternately, use the two component, brushable mortar for highly demanding waterproofings, HYDROSTOP WATERTANK.

Development of black mold, black spots and staining on all or some interior ceilng surfaces

Increased amounts of moisture from either a non-sealed roof or an already sealed roof that must be waterproofed again

If the problem originates from lack of waterproofing application or an existing, failing system, waterproof using one of the following materials:
• Νο39 acrylic elastomeric waterproofer for roofs, with 5 years warranty
• DS-220 elastomeric waterproofer for roofs, with 8 years warranty
• HYDROSTOP-PU polyurethane based roof waterproofer with 10 years protection
• Two Component HYDROSTOP cementitious waterproofer with 15 years warranty
• HYDROSTOP ROOF white cementitious flexible waterproofer for roofs with 15 years warranty
• DUROSTICK WATERPROOF 500 white, polyurethane based waterproofer with 15 years warranty

The application methods of the above products concerning new waterproofing or waterproofing over existing waterproofing products are detailed on the product sheets.

Increased amounts of moisture due to the absence of thermal insulation, resulting in condensations, due differences between the outdoor and the indoor temperatures of the ceiling

In this case, we have to simultaneously thermally insulate and waterproof the roof surface. DUROSTICK proposes the thermal waterproofing system for roofs, COOL ROOF. Alternatively, apply the lightweight thermal waterproofing system for roofs, COOL ROOF LIGHT. Detailed descriptions of the systems can be found at www.durostick.gr.

Increased amounts of moisture, due to insufficient ventilation and increased water vapour occurring in bathrooms and kitchens

Clean the surface using the spray that cleans mold, D-95 CLEANER of DUROSTICK. If needed, prime the surface using the micromolar stabilizer, AQUAFIX and apply two coats of the fungi and mold resistant acrylic paint, BATHROOM & KITCHEN. Make sure to ventilate the spaces adequately.

Development of moisture and detachment of floor tiles

• Rising damp that occurs in the ground floor and emerges from the joints
• Accumulated moisture within floors from pipe leaks or rising damp from the ground

When dealing with the first situation, remove the detached and hollowed tiles. When dealing with the second situation, remove the tiles from the entire surface and apply the fiber reinforced, floor levelling waterproofing mortar, HYDROSTOP FLOOR or the brushable, two component mortar for highly demanding waterproofings, HYDROSTOP WATERTANK.

Apply two-three crosswise coats of equal thickness to stop the moisture penetration.
Allow three days, at a minimum, for the waterproofing product(s) to cure, and install the floor tiles using SUPER ACRYLIC  tile adhesive or the flexible tile adhesive, GOLD, always depending on the type of the tile.

Cracked tile joints in pools

Improper type of grout, which eroded from the chlorination process of the pool water

Remove the disintegrated cementitious grout using a grinder, a special grout removing tool or a small chisel. Clean thoroughly all residues and grout using the two-component epoxy based, grout-adhesive, DUROPOXY, depending on the depth and width of the joint and the smoothness of the finish desired.
During grouting when using DUROPOXY, clean all residue quickly and easily using just plain water.

Tile detachments in pools

• Improper type of adhesive
• Moisture penetration from cracked grout joints

Remove the detached and hollowed tiles and clean the substrate using mechanical means (chisel, electric sander).
Install the new tiles using the two-component, epoxy based adhesive and grout, DUROPOXY and grout with the same material. Alternately, install using the cementitious adhesive, ELASTIC and grout with the two component ultrafine epoxy based grout, DUROPOXY.

Moisture penetration on wood surfaces, mold and other microorganism growth

Prolonged exposure of the wood surface to adverse environment conditions (sun, rain, snow)

Sand the wood surface thoroughly. Remove all the dust. If there are any holes created by woodworm, apply the insecticide, DUROXYL WOOD PROTECTION/CONDITIONER. Continuing, seal the holes and cracks
as well as cover all possible imperfections, using the acrylic, water-based wood putty, DUROWOOD. Following, apply the impregnating, solvent based color varnish, DUROXYL if there is a requirement for color change or renew of the existing surface. After drying, apply 1-2 coats of the solvent based decorative varnish DUROLAC, or the solvent based marine grade varnish, MARINER.

Fading and deterioration of the surface of garden furniture made of wood

Direct and prolonged exposure of wood furniture to adverse outdoor environment conditions and mainly exposure to solar radiation

Using #100 sandpaper, coarse sand the wood surface. Complete the preparation by fine sanding, using #180 sandpaper. After removing all the dust, apply undiluted TEAK OIL, in 2-3 coats.

Blue stain fungus on wood frames . Varnish peeling and cracking

The woodwork (frames) has remained for a long time without proper maintenance. Their exposure to outdoor environment conditions has caused the varnish to crack and led to subsequent moisture penetration in the mass of the wood

Thoroughly rough sand the surface using #100 sandpaper and fine sand using #180 sandpaper, until all bubbled up and cracked sections of the surface as well as the existing coats of varnish, are completely removed. Continue by applying to the newly exposed surface, the solvent based wood impregnation preservative, DUROXYL WOOD PROTECTION/CONDITIONER or the color varnish DUROXYL, depending on the color selected. Once dry, apply 1-2 coats of the solvent based, wood decorative varnish, DUROLAC or the solvent based, marine grade varnish, MARINER.

Cracks at the joints between clay roofing tiles and wall surfaces

Intense expansions and contractions of a clay tile roof

Widen the crack slightly, and remove the dust. Prime the crack using the special purpose primer for polyurethane sealants, PRIMER-PU. Following, seal using the polyurethane sealant, DUROFLEX-PU.
Complete the repair, by waterproofing and aesthetically restoring the repaired section, by coating with DUROSTICK Νο39, the elastomeric acrylic sealant available in brick red color. Alternatively, widen the crack slightly and soak the newly opened, exposed surface. Seal the crack using DUROFLEX POWDER, the cementitious and flexible sealant. Coat in 2 -3 consecutive layers of 1-1.5mm thick, each one.
If the application surface or its substrate is unsound or brittle, it is recommended to prime it before any application using AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer of DUROSTICK.

Cracks at the joints of cement boards. Peeling paint

Inability of the jointing product to withstand vibrations and expansions/contractions. Both the spackling material and the paint eventually crack, providing an easy way for moisture to penetrate.

Remove the spackling product throughout the affected joint(s), using a putty knife or other mechanical means. Soak the area and using a flexible putty knife, apply the joint compound for cement boards, D-68. Alternatively, when dealing with strong vibrations and there is a necessity for greater flexibility of the spackling product, use the cementitious flexible sealant DUROFLEX POWDER. Remove any excess material and place over the joint the adhesive fiberglass tape DS-230. Coat the tape over using D-68, the joint compound for cement boards. Allow for the material to dry, and sand with #60 sandpaper until the surface is smooth. Prime with the micromolar stabilizer AQUAFIX and paint with the elastomeric waterproofing paint D-80 HYDROSTOP elastic.

Cracks on concrete flat roofs and rooftops in general

• Premature concrete dehydration
• Intense expansions and contractions

Regardless of the reasons that have caused the problem, the proposed solution is as follows:

- Widen the cracks with mechanical means (grinder, chisel etc.).
- Remove all the dust thoroughly.
- Seal the cracks using D-33, the two-component injectable epoxy resin of DUROSTICK. Pour the epoxy into the crack until it is full.
- After the crack repairs, is deemed necessary to waterproof the entire roof.

Cracks on columns, beams and walls

• Intense earthquake activity
• Problems developed during concrete pouring

The size and extend of the cracks must be examined by a qualified engineer to determine the structural integrity of the building and the corrective course of action. In cases where the problem can be remedied by epoxy injections, follow the described procedures: Widen the crack(s) using mechanical means. Cover the surface of the crack(s) using the epoxy based construction putty D-38 while placing the injecting straws at the same time. Complete by injecting through the special straws D-33, the two-component injectable resin, into the crack(s). For this application use the Professional cartridge and sausage gun, DUROSEAL 600.

Cracks on wall surfaces (plaster)

• Premature dehydration of the top coat plaster
• Excessive thickness of the top coat plaster
• Absence of fiberglass meshing base coat plasters with increased thicknesses
• Absence of polypropylene fibers in base coat plasters with increased thicknesses
• Use of poor quality lime
• Intense earthquake activity
• The absorption of plaster allows for the penetration of water. If temperature gets too low, water turns into ice resulting in plaster swelling and cracking

Whatever the cause may be, the same restoration procedures apply. Plaster cracks are divided in 2 categories:
1) surface cracks that affect only the top coat of the plaster and
2) deep cracks that they reach down to the scratch coat or even down to the bricks or the concrete.
1) Top coat surface cracks:
When dealing with crack widths of up to 2mm, remove the top coat plaster on both sides of the crack, and increase its width to about 5mm.
Remove all dust and soak the newly exposed surface with a solution of acrylic emulsion D-20 and water, at a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3. Before the solution dries, seal the surface with SUPER FLEX POWDER, the fiber reinforced cementitious sealant. You can also use D-66 REPAIR, the repair paste for larger cracks and holes. Apply them both with flexible putty knives. Alternatively use D-32, the fast set repair plaster. Ideally plaster the entire surface using HYDROSTOP PLASTER ELASTIC of DUROSTICK, the cementitious flexible plaster, that prevents crack reappearance. Provide total surface protection from
moisture, sun, frost and water using MEGAFIΧ, the flexible, multipurpose mortar. Another solution for total plaster protection is the waterproofing of the entire surface using the flexible mortar WATERPROOF MORTAR. Complete the protection of the surface by priming and painting.
2) Deep cracks that reach down to the scratch coat:
Remove the plaster on both sides of the crack, approximately 5 to 10cm wide, depending on the severity of the situation. Go as deep as needed to reach sound, stable substrate.
Remove all the debris, dust and soak the repairing section with a solution of acrylic emulsion D-20 and water, at a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3. Before the solution dries, attach to the exposed surface the fiberglass mesh, DS-1090 of DUROSTICK and apply as a scratch coat D-40, the fiber reinforced scratch/base coat plaster. After 24 hours have passed, apply again coat of D-40, (fortified with acrylic emulsion D-20) as filling material. Make sure that its thickness does not exceed the thickness of the original base coat plaster that was removed. After another 24 hours, apply the one coat plaster, D-42 or the fast setting plaster, D-32. In cases where there are too many cracks to be repaired in too many different sections, the best solution might be to apply using the flexible plaster, HYDROSTOP PLASTER ELASTIC, available in fine or coarse finish, to create a protective barrier over the wall surface and successfully restore its integrity.

Cracks on wall surfaces (when joining with columns and beams)

• Building materials with different behavior where common bonding materials fail to provide the necessary adhesive strength and flexibility
• Shrinkage and cracking of the building mortar on the top row of bricks

Widen the crack(s) along its entire length. Remove the plaster approximately 10-20cm around the crack. Create a joint between the wall surface and the beam or the column by removing the deteriorated plaster and/ or mortar. Remove any dust and seal the joint using D-2, the polyurethane foam. Continuing, thoroughly clean all debris and dust, and clean the surface with plenty of water. Soak the newly exposed surface with a solution of acrylic emulsion D-20 and water, at a ratio of 1:3.
Before the solution dries, apply the fiber reinforced scratch/base coat plaster D-40 as scratch coat. After 24 hours have passed, apply again D-40 (fortified with acrylic emulsion D-20) as filling material, incasing the fiberglass mesh DUROSTICK DS-1090. Make sure that its thickness does not exceed the one from the previously removed plaster.
Complete the project 24 hours later using the flexible plaster, HYDROSTOP
PLASTER ELASTIC or the flexible, multipurpose mortar MEGAFIX of DUROSTICK.

Crack on the joint between tiles and wood flooring

• Building materials with different behavior where common bonding materials fail to provide the necessary adhesive strength and flexibility
• Shrinkage and cracking of the building mortar on the top row of bricks

Widen the crack(s) along its entire length. Remove the plaster approximately 10-20cm around the crack. Create a joint between the wall surface and the beam or the column by removing the deteriorated plaster and/or mortar. Remove any dust and seal the joint using D-2, the polyurethane foam. Continuing, thoroughly clean all debris and dust, and clean the surface with plenty of water. Soak the newly exposed surface with a solution of acrylic emulsion D-20 and water, at a ratio of 1:3. Before the solution dries, apply the fiber reinforced scratch/base coat plaster D-40 as scratch coat. After 24 hours have passed, apply again D-40 (fortified with acrylic emulsion D-20) as filling material, incasing the fiberglass mesh DUROSTICK DS-1090. Make sure that its thickness does not exceed the one from the previously removed plaster. Complete the project 24 hours later using the flexible plaster, HYDROSTOP PLASTER ELASTIC or the flexible, multipurpose mortar MEGAFIX of DUROSTICK.

Deteriorating joints in fireplaces, ovens and barbeques

Intense expansions and contractions on the joint between dissimilar materials

Meticulously clean all soot, oils and smoke using FAST CLEAN. Continuing, using the HEAVY DUTY, Professional Cartridge Gun of DUROSTICK, to apply DUROSTICK FIREPROOF, the fireproof sealant for up to 1.200°C. Alternatively, the use of DUROSTICK D-8, the refractory adhesive and sealing mortar, is deemed perfectly suitable and safe.

Plaster detachments

• Μoisture penetrating the plaster due to the plasters’ absorption properties causes deterioration; under freezing conditions it expands and results in detachment
• Intense earthquake vibrations
• Absence of fiberglass mesh
• Failure to remove formwork oils
• Absence of fortifying emulsion in the scratch coat plaster when applied on non-primed surfaces

Find out up to what point the wall surface is hollowed (detached). If the damage is limited only to the surface of the top coat plaster, then proceed to a spot repair using D-32, the fast setting repair plaster. Another solution for total plaster protection and prevention of future moisture penetration is the waterproofing of the entire surface using the flexible mortar WATERPROOF MORTAR. In cases where the damage has progressed to the brown (or base) coat plaster, then proceed with the following repair steps: Complete removal of all the detached or damaged sections, until you reach sound and stable substrate. If the surface is concrete, spray it with BIOCLEAN INDUSTRIAL, the biodegradable industrial cleaner to remove any formwork oils and rinse thoroughly. Once dry, soak the repairing substrate with a solution of water and acrylic emulsion D-20, at a mixing ratio of 2:1. Apply D-40, the fiber reinforced brown/base coat plaster as scratch coat, fortified with acrylic emulsion D-20. After 24 hours, once again apply D-40, the fiber reinforced brown/base coat plaster, as filling base coat. Complete the repair 24 hours later and apply D-32, the fast setting repair plaster as top coat. Alternatively, and for complete protection of the applicable wall surfaces, plaster the entire surface using HYDROSTOP PLASTER ELASTIC, the flexible waterproofing plaster or MEGAFIX. In cases where the repair will be done using traditional plaster mix (mortar-marble based plaster), it is absolutely necessary to fortify the mix using DUROMAX, the highly concentrated improving resin. It triples durability and adhesive properties of mortars with substrates.

Detachment of clay roof tiles or roof ridge ornaments

• Use of mortar with low adhesion strength
• Moisture penetrating the mortar (due to its high absorption rate) causes deterioration; under freezing conditions it expands and results in cracking and detachment

Remove all detached clay roof tiles and their installation mortar. Clean the surface from all the debris and dust. Soak the newly exposed surface with water. Install the new clay roof tiles using PERLAFIX, the fiber reinforced polymer mortar for clay roof ridges. Finishing, and to ensure the complete waterproofing of the mortar, apply over it D-9, the cementitious waterproofing mortar for ridges.
Alternatively use DUROFLEX POWDER (brick red color), the cementitious elastomeric sealant that ensures flexible sealing.

Detachments of decorative stones from walls and floors

Tile detachments

Unsuitable wall substrate:
a) unstable plaster
b) painted surface

a) Unstable plaster: Remove all the detached tiles.
When dealing with unsound plaster, remove it until you reach sound and stable substrate. Spot repair using DUROFIX, the cementitious polymer repair mortar. Install the tiles using EXTRA POWER, the flexible tile adhesive or GOLD. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK depending on the width and depth of the grout joint.
b) Painted plaster: Remove all the detached tiles. Sand the paint off the wall surface using #60 sandpaper. Remove all the dust and install the new tiles using GOLD, the flexible tile adhesive. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK.

• Not suitable floor substrate: Dusting cement screeds due to premature dehydration or low cement content
• Lightweight filling material (insulation) not covered with cement screed and waterproofing

Prime the substrate using AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer, to create a stable and sound surface that is suitable for tile installation. Follow by coating the stabilized substrate with HYDROSTOP FLOOR, the cementitious waterproofing mortar. Continue by installing new tiles using GOLD, the flexible tile adhesive. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK.

Very low absorption substrates (mosaic, existing tiles, marble)

Meticulously clean all the existing surfaces/substrates using ACID TILECLEANER. Follow all the instructions and cautions on the container of the cleaner. Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water. Alternately and on clean surfaces apply the quartz primer DS-290 to create a rough surface for increased bonding strength. Once the surface is completely dry, install the new tiles using EXTRA POWER or ELASTIC tile adhesives. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK, fortified with ACRYLIC EMULSION  or D-20 of DUROSTICK, at a mixing ratio of 1:2 with water or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK.

Μoisture penetration from cracked grout joints

When dealing with hairline (capillary) cracks, clean the joints first and use D-16 HYDROSTOP, the silicone based waterproofing agent. When dealing with more severe cracks, remove the grout with mechanical means (grinder/chisel), clean all debris and thoroughly remove all the dust. Regrout with the appropriate (depending on the joint width and depth) grout fortified with ACRYLIC EMULSION. Alternatively grout by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK, without the addition of any improving agents. Create expansion joints every 16-20m² and around the perimeter, where horizontal and vertical surfaces meet. This procedure will safeguard against any future cracks. Prime the newly created joints using PRIMER-PU, the primer for polyurethane sealants and install backer rod DS-265) (if and when deemed necessary). Seal the primed joints using DUROFLEX-PU, the polyurethane sealant. When working indoors, alternatively use the elastomeric adhesive and sealant, available in 32 colors, DS-POLYMER.

• Intense expansions and contractions
• Earthquake vibrations
• Use of unsuitable type of adhesive
• Application at temperatures above 35°C and surfaces exposed to sunlight as well
• Applied (combed) adhesive was left for prolonged period of time lying on the surface before tile installation (skin was formed)
• Absence of expansion joints

Repair procedure for all the cases mentioned is the same and as follows: Remove all unstable/unsound sections until you find sound substrate. When dealing with wall plaster and spot repairs, replace the section(s) using DUROFIX, the cementitious polymer repair mortar. When dealing with floor mortar, use D-6, the fiber reinforced cement screed.
Following, remove all the dust and soak with a mixture of water and D-20, the acrylic emulsion at a mixing ratio of 2:1. Continuing, install new tiles using GOLD, the flexible tile adhesive.
Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK, depending on the width and depth of the joint.
For outdoor projects in need of additional flexibility, water repellency and improved mechanical properties, add to the grouting material ACRYLIC EMULSION at a mixing ratio of 1:2 with water. Alternatively, grout using FLEXIBLE AND OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK, without the use of any improving additives. Create expansion joints every 16-20m² and around the perimeter, where horizontal and vertical surfaces meet. This procedure will safeguard against any future cracks. Prime the newly created joints using PRIMER-PU, the primer for polyurethane sealants and install backer rod DS-265 (if and when deemed necessary). Seal the primed joints using DUROFLEX-PU, the polyurethane sealant. When working indoors, alternatively use the elastomeric adhesive and sealant, available in 32 colors, DS-POLYMER.

Detachment of one or more tiles installed on the wall or the floor of the space where the lined surface exists

• Moisture penetration from cracked grout. Moisture penetrates through the bonding mortar and erodes it. Furthermore, under freezing conditions, it swells and creates detachments
• Earthquake vibrations as well as intense expansion and contraction
• Adhesive mortar with low adhesion properties
• Rising damp which erodes the adhesive mortar

For floors: Remove all the detached stones as well as the istallation mortar under them, if and where it is cracked. Before proceeding, waterproof the substrate by applying 2-3 coats D-1, the brushable waterproofing mortar, and continue the repair. For the installation use DUROSTICK D-5, the acrylic adhesive for decorative stone and brick or D-31, the fortified building mortar.
Grout using DUROSTICK D-4, the grout for natural stones or with the cementitious VITREOUS TILE AND STONE GROUT, SANDED. For walls: Carefully remove all the detached stones. Reinstall them, if possible, using DUROSTICK D-5, the acrylic adhesive for decorative stone and brick. Grout using DUROSTICK D-5 or DUROSTICK D-4, the natural stone grout. Protect all the stone surfaces using NANO PROOF
CERAMIC DS-270, the nanomolar technology water repellent, VISTA, the natural stone varnish with matte finish or DECOFIN POLYURETHANE, the 2 component polyurethane varnish with
matte finish.

Detachment of porcelain, klinker, group 4-5, or even granite tiles etc. installed on outdoor surfaces or on indoor surfaces with intense expansions and contractions, such as substrates with radiant heating floor systems

Unsuitable wall substrate:
a) unstable plaster
b) painted surface

a) Unstable plaster: Remove all the detached tiles.
When dealing with unsound plaster, remove it until you reach sound and stable substrate. Spot repair using DUROFIX, the cementitious polymer repair mortar. Install the tiles using EXTRA POWER, the flexible tile adhesive or GOLD. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK depending on the width and depth of the grout joint.
b) Painted plaster: Remove all the detached tiles. Sand the paint off the wall surface using #60 sandpaper. Remove all the dust and install the new tiles using GOLD, the flexible tile adhesive. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK.

• Not suitable floor substrate: Dusting cement screeds due to premature dehydration or low cement content
• Lightweight filling material (insulation) not covered with cement screed and waterproofing

Prime the substrate using AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer, to create a stable and sound surface that is suitable for tile installation. Follow by coating the stabilized substrate with HYDROSTOP FLOOR, the cementitious waterproofing mortar. Continue by installing new tiles using GOLD, the flexible tile adhesive. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK.

Very low absorption substrates (mosaic, existing tiles, marble)

Meticulously clean all the existing surfaces/substrates using ACID TILECLEANER. Follow all the instructions and cautions on the container of the cleaner. Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water. Alternately and on clean surfaces apply the quartz primer DS-290 to create a rough surface for increased bonding strength. Once the surface is completely dry, install the new tiles using EXTRA POWER or ELASTIC tile adhesives. Complete the repair by grouting with the appropriate cementitious GROUT of DUROSTICK, fortified with ACRYLIC EMULSION  or D-20 of DUROSTICK, at a mixing ratio of 1:2 with water or by using FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT of DUROSTICK.

Detachment of tiles installed outdoors under varying temperatures ranging from 30°C and above

Marble detachments

• Moisture - frost. The absorption properties of the grouting products allows for the penetration of water (moisture).
• When temperatures get too low, water turns into ice resulting in its swelling causing

Remove the detached marble pieces and clean all bonding material. Remove from the substrate the adhering material using mechanical means. Remove all the dust and rinse with plenty of water. Soak the substrate well and reinstall the marble pieces using the marble and granite adhesive D-23 of DUROSTICK. Grout using DUROSTICK VITREOUS TILE & MARBLE GROUT Ultrafine, after
adding into the grout mixing water ACRYLIC EMULSION  or D-20  at a mixing ratio of 1:2 with water. Alternatively grout using DUROPOXY, the 2 component ultra thin epoxy grout of DUROSTICK.

Leak(s) from metal water tanks

Faulty welding seams of the tank or corrosion that created pores to the tank

Clean the surface well from rust and salts. Use a putty knife to mix equal parts of components A & B of DUROSTICK 2 HOUR EPOXY ADHESIVE and once the color of the mixture is uniformed, apply to the surface. Wet the putty knife to achieve a smooth finish.
Alternatively use DUROSTICK 20 MINUTE EPOXY ADHESIVE, putty in stick form.

Requirement for bonding of metal, wood or construction surfaces

Failure - detachments of existing surfaces for a variety of reasons

Clean the surfaces well using the appropriate mechanical means. Apply D-90, the polyurethane adhesive on one of the two surfaces. Bring the surfaces together. Apply pressure for at least 10 minutes and avoid any movements.

Faulty initial bonding that may result in detachments of wood items, such as rails, garden furniture, light constructs etc.

Moisture absorption and insufficient maintenance

Sand the surfaces to be glued. Apply on both surfaces DS-205, the heavy duty glue for surfaces exposed to water and moisture of DUROSTICK. Secure the pieces with clamps within the next 10-15 minutes.

Detachment of small parts or sections of wood or paper objects as well as wallpaper detachments

• Faulty installation or use of an adhesive product not suitable for the existing conditions.
• Penetration of moisture from cracked grout joints due to vibrations or age related deterioration

Remove the detached tile(s) and the adhesive from the substrate very carefully so there is no additional damage to the sides of the tile(s) or the adjacent surfaces. Reinstall the tile(s) using class C2TE, ACRYLIC tile adhesive of DUROSTICK. If the removal of the existing adhesive is not possible without creating additional damage, reinstall the tile(s) using Waterproof liquid adhesive for tiles Νο37 over the existing adhesive.

Detachment or existing gaps between joinning ductwork, gaskets, heating stoves, burners and surfaces reaching high temperatures

• Very high temperatures
• Intense expansions and contractions
• Unsuitable sealing materials for the specific applications

Use DUROSIL FIRE, the high temperature and fire resistant silicone to ensure unbreakable but also flexible sealing up to 300°C.

Detachment of sections of surfaces made of leather, pleather, cork, rubber etc.

•Faulty initial bonding or use of unsuitable bonding medium
•Moisture penetration in between bonding parts

Remove any residue of the existing adhesive using #180 sandpaper andclean all the surfaces very well.

Using a brush, apply Rubber adhesive No69, the contact cement of DUROSTICK. Allow the adhesive to set for approximately 15 minutes andpress the two surfaces together.

Mold creation on walls, beams, ceilings and columns

Walls with exterior surfaces that are not waterproofed and have hairline cracks or the plaster is absorbent.

In cases where the plaster is sound, paint using D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC, the elastomeric waterproofing paint. Alternatively paint using WALL PRO NANO PAINT. Both paints ensure the waterproofing
of the surfaces to be painted. Optionally, paint, waterproof but also thermally insulate wall surfaces by using ΤΗΕRMOELASTIC COLOUR, the energy efficient and highly reflective paint of DUROSTICK.

Wall surfaces without thermal insulation.

Apply the External Thermal Insulation Composite System THERMOSEAL of DUROSTICK. BASIC STEPS: Install (adhere) expanded or extruded thermal insulation slabs on the wall surfaces using ULTRACOLL THERMO, the adhesive for thermal insulation slabs. Continuing, apply the same adhering product on the insulation slabs and incase the fiberglass mesh for thermal insulation systems DS-4160. Finishing, plaster the surfaces using HYDROSTOP PLASTER ELASTIC, the flexible and water repelling plaster, available in both fine or tectured finish. Alternatively, prime the surfaces using HYDROSTOP SILICONE PRIMER and once dry, plaster using the silicone based plaster in paste form, HYDROSTOP SILICONE PLASTER.

Mold creation in closets and kitchen cabinets

Inadequate space ventilation

Thoroughly clean all mold using D-95 CLEANER, the mold removing spray. Rinse with a damp sponge and allow for the surface to dry. Place within the space WATERTRAP, the moisture collecting devise of DUROSTICK.

Penetrating moisture from the outside. Common occurrence from lack of applying cementitious waterproofing products and lack of proper drainage.

Remove the affected plaster from the surface and allow for it to dry. Waterproof the interior wall surface(s) by applying three coats of D-1, the cementitious waterproofer. Alternatively apply HYDROSTOP WATERTANK of DUROSTICK in three coats. Plaster the waterproofed interior surface using the water repelling,
one coat plaster D-42 ONE COAT of DUROSTICK. Prime the well dried, plastered surface using AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer. Paint using SUPER, the luxury emulsion paint of DUROSTICK.

Mold creation in the seal between tile and bathroom fixtures (bathtub, sink, toilet etc.)

•The existing seal is coming loose.
•Moisture penetration under and behind the existing seal.

Remove the existing seal that will be replaced. Thoroughly clean the surfaces that will be sealed, using D-95 CLEANER, the mold removing spray or pure alcohol. Rinse and let dry. Completing, seal the joint using Mold & mildew reistant DUROSTICK SILICONE, available in both white and clear.

Rust creation on metal surfaces (doors, windows, gates etc.)

Leaks in metal tanks and reservoirs

Faulty welding of the metal sections at the seams

Apply at the leaking seam sections SHELLAC/GASKET CEMENT

Tough stains on unpolished marble

Tough stains on unpolished marble

Clean various stains resulting from watering plants, pets, exhaust gases, rust from railings, soot, oils,grease, wine, ink and soft drinks easily and quickly using D-21, the cleaner for unpolished marble. Altrnatively use BIOCLEAN biodegradable cleaner for polished or unpolished marble. Prevent future staining, using D-22, the water & oil repellent for marble and granite or ΝΑΝΟ PROOF MARMO DS-275, the water and oil repellent nanotechology product of DUROSTICK. Finishing, apply D-25, the self polishing liquid for marble & granite, to restore the marbles’ long lost luster.

Tough stains on polished marble

Tough stains on polished marble

Clean various stains resulting from wine, soft drinks, permanent markers, pets and exhaust gases easily and quickly without affecting the shine of marble using BIOCLEAN biodegradable cleaner for polished or unpolished marble. Outdoors use the oil repellent D-22. Indoors use ΝΑΝΟ PROOF MARMO DS-275, the water and oil repellent nanotechnology product of DUROSICK.
They will both prevent staining. Apply D-25 to maintain the original luster of marble

Tough stains on tiles

Tough stains on tiles

Clean various stains resulting from building residues, lime, wine, oil, coffee, soft drinks, spirits, emulsion and acrylic paints, rust and watering stains instantly with minimal scrubbing using ACID TILE CLEANER of DUROSTICK. Use the cleaner, without dilution to easily remove emulsion and acrylic paints. It is recommended to use it at least 20 days after grouting.

Tough stains on stones

Tough stains on stones

Clean various stains resulting from building residues, lime, wine, oil, coffee, soda drinks, spirits, emulsion and acrylic paints, rust and watering stains rapidly with minimal scrubbing using D-7, the natural stone cleaner of DUROSTICK. It is recommended to use it at least 28 days after grouting.

Tough stains in bathtubs, sinks, showers, induction cooktops, hood filters etc.

Tough stains in bathtubs, sinks, showers, induction cooktops, hood filters etc.

Clean any stain of those surfaces easily, without any scrubbing using QUICK CLEANER of DUROSTICK. Rinse thoroughly with water.

Tough stains on clay roof tiles

Tough stains on painted walls and ceilings

Tough stains on stainless steel surfaces

Tough stains on glass surfaces and furniture

Tough stains on hands

Tough stains from grease, oil and smudge

Smudge from oil and other stains in the kitchen, the bathroom and elsewhere

Silverware and stainless steel items that have lost their luster

Stains from seagull and bird waste, fishing residue cleanups, descaling of fiberglass and inflatable boats

•Stains on the firebricks of the barbeque or the fireplace •Soiled grills and grilling related items

Graffiti stains

Glue residues from tapes on bathroom fixtures, aluminum or enamel surfaces

Tar and tree resin residues on the body of the automobile

Tough dirt and insect stains on the windshield of the automobile

Tough stains on fabric, carpet, rug or the automobiles’ upholstery

The dashboard and/or console (leather, vinyl or plastic) are soiled and have lost their luster

Loosening up of metall parts/items (screws, locks, bolts etc.) from rust and their future protection from rust

The fireplace is smoking and does not draft properly

Clean air condition filters to remove allergens

Clogged drain pipes and traps of bathtubs, bathroom and kitchen sinks

The septic tank/cesspool fills up very quickly (does not absorb properly)

Outdoor surfaces: White powdery stains on plaster, resembling snow

Salts within the plaster that are activated either due to accumulated moisture inside the wall or due to moisture penetrating through capillary cracks

Before proceeding with any repairs, allow for the surface to thoroughly dry. Once dry, sand the deteriorated plaster surfaces using #60 sandpaper and totaly remove the deteriorated sections. Ideally waterproof the entire wall surface using the flexible mortar WATERPROOF MORTAR. It will protect the surface from future moisture penetration.
Prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer. Apply 2 coats of high quality acrylic paint, 10 YEARS WARRANTY or the elastomeric waterproofing paint D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC or the 100% acrylic and PAINT FOR MINERAL SURFACES of DUROSTICK.

Black spots and mold at the lower parts of exterior wall surfaces

• Increased moisture content
• Especially absorbent, coarse surfaces (relief, textured style finish plaster), which combined with moisture, result in black spots and mold
• Surfaces that are not exposed to sunlight, close to gardens

Before proceeding with any repair, the causes of the moisture accumulation must be investigated and appropriate actions have to be taken to
stop it.
Continuing, clean the surface using D-95 CLEANER, the mold removing spray. If the plaster is dry and unaffected by the moisture, prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer.
Apply 2 coats of the 100% acrylic PAINT FOR MINERAL SURFACES of DUROSTICK.

Outdoor surface paint is peeling off

• The surface was not primed
• Crystallization (sealing) of the surface due to application of non-diluted or partly diluted solvent based primer
• The plaster was painted without allowing 30 days to pass after its application, resulting in the release of excessive amounts of alkali
• The surface was not cleaned from dust, formwork oils, or loose sections

Remove all the peeling sections with the appropriate sandpaper or putty knife. Patch as needed, using the covering paste POWDER COAT or the cementitious and resinous paste GRANULAR, depending on the extent of the repair and the desired finish. Prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER* or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer.
Apply 2 coats of high quality acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY or the elastomeric waterproofing paint D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC.
Alternately apply the self cleaning silicone based paint WALL PRO NANO PAINT.
Applying 2 coats of THERMOELASTIC COLOUR yields additional thermal insulation, improving the indoor space microclimate, all year round (certified ‘Cool’ paint).

Outdoor surface paint is bursting

• Overly diluted paint
• The surface was not primed

Remove all the bursting sections with the appropriate number sandpaper or putty knife.
Patch as needed using the cementitious and resinous paste GRANULAR.
Prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER* or AQUAFIX , the micromolar stabilizer.
Apply 2 coats of high quality acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY or the elastomeric waterproofing paint D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC. Alternately, apply the self cleaning silicone based paint WALL PRO NANO PAINT.
Applying 2 coats of THERMOELASTIC COLOUR yields additional insulation, improving the indoor space microclimate, all year round (certified ‘Cool’ paint).

• Paint was applied to non-recommended thicknesses
• The paint was applied on surfaces that were primed with undiluted primer
• Failing plaster substrates or spackling pastes
• Paint application on surfaces not properly prepared

Sand the surface with #80 sandpaper and remove the paint.
Continuing, restore/repair and substrate problem, if any, and waterproof using WATERPROOF MORTAR. Its application will create a sound and waterpoof subsrate for for the final, decorative coat of paint. Prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER*.
Complete the repair by repainting the surface using the high quality acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY or D-80 HYDROSTOP elastic, the elastomeric waterproofing paint.

Outdoor surface paint bubbling and/or blistering

• Paint application at high temperatures, above 35°C
• Moisture seeping through the wall surface
• Paint application with high levels of humidity

Remove the affected sections with the appropriate sandpaper and putty knife.
Patch as needed, using the covering paste POWDER COAT or the cementitious and resinous paste GRANULAR, depending on the extent of the repair and the desired finish. Prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer.
Apply 2 coats of high quality acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY or 100% ACRYLIC PAINT of DUROSTICK.

Inconsistent results of the painting color

• Substrates with different absorption rates
• Lack of or poorly applied primer
• Overly diluted paint

Substarte preparation using the appropriate primer is necessary.
Choose from the 3 DUROSTICK primers: SOLVENT BASED PRIMER*, or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer.
The paint dilution rate has to be from 5 to 8%, depending n the paint coat thickness. Recoat indoor surfaces using EXTRA, the emulsion paint of DUROSTICK. Recoat outdoor surfaces using 100% ACRYLIC PAINT of DUROSTICK.

Paint turns into powder (chalking)

• Overly diluted paint
• Moisture penetration into low quality paint
• Paint ageing due to normal wear

Remove the affected section using a sanding machine and #60 sandpaper. Continuing, rinse thoroughly to remove all the disintegrated salts.Once thoroughly dry (ideally) apply the flexible mortar for wall surfaces WATERPROOF MORTAR . Prime the surface using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER* , the stabilizing primer or AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer. Finishing, apply 2-3 coats of high quality acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY  or the 100% ACRYLIC PAINT of DUROSTICK.

Paint coming off during regular wall cleaning

• Use of low quality paint with minimal washability
• Paint application under unsuitable conditions
• The cleaning agent used was very strong
• The surface was cleaned before the paint was thoroughly dry

Lightly sand the surface and remove all the dust.
Continuing, prime using AQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer and paint using either SUPER, the high quality washable emulsion paint in 2 coats or SUPER ECO, the ecological paint of DUROSTICK.

The paint cannot cover yellow stains or smoke covered surfaces

Inability of the paint to adhere on oily or smoke covered surfaces

Clean the surface using the biodegradable cleaner BIOCLEAN biodegradable cleaner for nicotine and soot. If the surface stains are too tough and cannot be cleaned, cover them using METAL PRIMER. Finishing, paint using either SUPER, the high quality washable emulsion paint or BATHROOM & KITCHEN of DUROSTICK.
Alternately, paint using SUPER ECO, the ecological paint of DUROSTICK.

Cavity appearance on painted surfaces

• Excessive paint mixing that created bubbles
• Paint application on very porous surfaces that are not primed
• Paint application at high temperatures

Sand the surface with #80 sandpaper and remove the paint.
Using the appropriate paste, patch as needed and prime using SOLVENT BASED PRIMER or ΑQUAFIX, the micromolar stabilizer.
Finishing, recoat the surface using the acrylic paint 10 YEARS WARRANTY or 100% ACRYLIC PAINT of DUROSTICK.